Victor karavodin



(No Model.)

V. KARAVODIN.

ROTARY MOTOR.

Patented Nov. 2, 189-7.

I VJ! mall/1,92

INVENTOR ficfor Ezra/0065a J I WITNESSES W7 'f Allqrney w: Nunms vngas :04 wncw'txurum, wunmamn. up:

NITED STATES VICTOR KARAVODIN, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

ROTARY MOTO a.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 592,788, dated November 2, 1897.

Application filed February 12,1895. Serial No- 538,125. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, VICTOR KARAVODIN, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing at St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rotary M0- tors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in rotary caloric-motor engines whereby the construction is cheapened and increased useful eflect attained.

Vhen my improvements are used with steam as a motive fluid, the steam may be employed at higher temperatures, and when using gas or other combustible fluids the loss of heat by transmission to the water of condensation is materially reduced.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figures 1 and 2 show vertical sections of power-cylinders having rotary pistons operating therein and embodying my improvements, said pistons being shown in front view to exhibit in full lines the passages for the liquid packing. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line 7 r of Fig. 1. Fig. 4. is a transverse section on line .9 s of Fig. 2.

The invention has for its object to obviate the friction of hard bodies-i. 6., the piston and cylinder wallsat high temperature by interposing liquid packing, which does not wear between the parts. This is effected by employing a liquid under pressure,which fills out the interstices between the pistons and the cylinder.

The inner surface of the cylinder and the piston are covered with a layer of a bad conductor of heat, and between the piston and the cylinder is left a space, the piston being so supported as not to come in contact with the cylinder at any point, while in the space between them is forced a liquid or a molten easily-fusible metal at a higher pressure than than that of the working steam or gas. With this arrangement any leakage or escape of the steam cannot take place, while friction between the parts is avoided, and these may be provided with a covering of a poor conductor of heat.

Referring to Fig. 1, the steam passes through the passage X upon the piston c and rotates the same in the direction of the arrow 'sure exerted upon it by the spring I.

The partition L, which bears upon the piston,

moves downward in consequence of the p ilels- 1e exhauststeam escapes through a passage m. For balancing the pressure of the steam upon the axis of the piston c this may be formed double, with a second steam-inlet partition L and passages, as indicated. in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The steam admitted through the passages X and X balances the pressure on the shaft of the piston. The latter has an annular groove F on each side, and from these grooves other grooves y y extend to near the edges of the piston 0'. By means of continuous grooves so applied to the ends of the pistons very general lubrication of the entire end surfaces of the pistons can thus be accomplished. Opposite the grooves F are formed openings E in the cylinder ends, through Whicha pump P, worked by the engine, is made to force the liquid, such as oil, 850., at a higher pressure than that of the steam or gas. The liquid fills the annular grooves F and passes thence through the grooves y to the left-hand edge of the piston 0. At the upper end of the piston is also formed a groove fopposite the cylinder-wall, which communicates with the groove F, and which is consequently also filled with a liquid under pressure. The superfluous liquid which escapes through the interstices is drawn off by the pump and is fed back to the opening E.

At the point of contact of the partition L with the piston c a narrow slit is made in the former, through which the liquid is caused to fill out the interstice between partition L and piston c, as with high temperatures the partition L must not work with friction against piston c,the partition being in that case moved up and down in a corresponding manner to the motion of the piston by actuating it externally by a cam T on the piston-shaft having the configuration of the piston and acting on an arm vZ, provided with a roller Z attached to the shaft of said partition, which passes through a stuffing box in the side of the casing.

The bearings of the shaft of the piston 0 must be so arranged as to hold the piston in such position that it does not touch the cylinder or its covers at any point, so that the latter may be covered with a coating of a poor conductor of heat which is not subject to wear.

In Fig. 2 a construction is shown wherein the lubricating liquid is forced through the shaft around which the piston revolves into a series of transverse passages leading to suitable grooves on part of the surface of said piston, which is of cylindrical configuration, and adapted to revolve in approximate contact with the interior of the shell of the engine, so as to fill the interstices so produced between piston and cylinder. In this view V V are two intersecting cylinders in which rotate the piston c and the partition 7b in the direction of the arrows. The axes of the piston and of the partition are geared together externally by toothed wheels 1) q, so as to revolve at the same speed. The left-hand surface of the piston c and the right-hand surface of the partition h are curved to a radius corresponding to a distance between-the centers of the axes of the partition and piston. Under these circumstances the edge K 011 the rotation of the parts comes in contact with the surface of the piston 0; but when the piston is no longer in contact with the partition the surface K of the latter comes in contact with the boss K The steam enters through pipe X and drives the piston to the right and the exhaust steam is led off through the pipe m.

All the internal parts can be coated with a layer of a poor conductor of heat and do not come in contact with one another, the space between them being filled with the liquid, as described when referring to Fig. l.

The steam-inlet pipes arev provided with cocks M N, as shown.

It will readily be seen that my improvements are applicable to engines constructed as described whether the same be operated by steam or any other suitable fluid.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a thermic motor, the combination of a cylinder, a piston rotating therein, provided with continuous grooves in its ends, and suitable passages for a liquid lubricant extending from the exterior of the cylinder into the piston and from the interior of the piston to said grooves and to the portion of its surfaces adapted to move in approximate contact with the peripheral walls of the cylinder, substantially as set forth.

2. In a thermic motor, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston adjusted to rotate therein, a revolving partition mounted within the cylinder independent of the piston and adapted to be held against said piston and provided with a grooved contact-surface, adapted to alternately pass over the surfaces of the casing surrounding it and of the piston and means for supplying liquid lubricant to the groove in said contact-surface, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VICTOR KARAVODIN.

'Witnesses:

N. TSCHEKALOFF, ED. IVANsOHEIDT. 

